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The United States has had a consistent and re-occurring problem with discrimination from its inception to the present. Given that equality is one of the basic constructs of democracy, the problem is especially troublesome. In terms of solutions, though, changes have been made legally (both formally and informally) to reduce prejudice. The problem has involved black Americans from slavery to the Civil War to the Civil Rights Movement (Lockhart, Kamisar, Choper, & Shiffrin, 1970). Constitutional Amendments 14, 15, and 16, between 1865 and 1870 eliminated slavery, granted citizenship, and allowed voting for African-American males (Lockhart et al., 1970, Appendix B, pp. 21-22). However, it was not until Brown v. Board of Education, in 1954, that the Supreme Court began implementing equality laws that had been on the books for almost one hundred years (Lockhart et al., 1970, pp. 1157-1161). Even with the Supreme Court case, discrimination prevailed. The rights of women to vote were delayed until 1920, when the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was passed. Equality in other ways has remained into the 21st century. Today, the questions of equality in a nation claiming to be a democracy remain at issue regarding “illegal aliens” and same-sex marriage. While the issues of equality in democracy have undergone numerous philosophical discussions, actual changes have taken decades to reach reality. The period of time from 1954 to the early 1970s brought these questions to the forefront of American society. Change took place in an evolutionary manner rather than a revolutionary one. These changes took place because of marches in the streets, including the Civil Rights Movement, the Women‟s Movement, and the Gay Rights Movement. As a result of these informal mechanisms, additional laws were created. As informal and formal legal fights occurred, two distinct groups formed: the establishment and the counter-culture. Lasch (1979) wrote: “The contemporary narcissist bears a superficial resemblance, in his self-absorption and delusions of grandeur, to the „imperial self‟ so often celebrated in nineteenth-century American literature” (p. 35). Lasch‟s purpose was to provide an analysis of the recent past

It Can’t Be Like It Used to Be: Informality as a Contagion of Democratization in American Culture