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With increasing understanding of neurobiological basis, Psychiatric Disorders are being considered Brain Disorders. As neurobiological basis of Psychiatric Disorders becomes known, some questions arise. Should all these disorders be called Neurological Disorders and be treated by Neurologists? If, both, Psychiatry and Neurology treat disorders of the same organ, brain, then, should departments of Psychiatry be merged with departments of Neurology? What are the defining features of Psychiatric Disorders as a group that differentiate them from Neurological Disorders? There is a need to define inclusion and exclusion criteria for distinguishing between Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. There are practical needs for this. For example, what criteria guide the decision to admit a patient in Psychiatry Ward or Neurology Ward? This is also important from legal and stigma point of view. The theoretical need is nosological. What criteria determine whether a particular disorder should be included in Neurology or Psychiatry? The paper shows how it is impossible to differentiate between Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders on the basis of neuroanatomy or neurophysiology. The paper describes the vital importance of the term “mental” in Psychiatry (e.g., “Mental” Disorders, “Mental” Status Examination, etc.) and how it cannot be replaced by “Neurological” or “Brain”. The paper discusses how Psychiatric Disorders are basically “Mental” Disorders (disorders of mind). It shows how mind is a real and specific entity. It gives a novel definition of mind using a specific concept of “functional organization”. The article gives a precise description of mind-brain relationship using the concepts of physical parts, functional parts and active functional organization. This description answers many questions such as “Why no biomarkers have been found for any of the Mental Disorders” and the topic in the title. The article also explains how this concept of mind provides a better framework for describing the mental events in normal persons and in Mental Disorders—as compared to the concepts of Cognition or Higher Functions or Executive Functions. It shows the fallacy of using the term “Behavioral” Disorders. The article shows how there is no other answer to the question of “What is the difference between Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders?”

Identifying Conceptual Differences Between Psychiatric Disorders and Neurological Disorders Although Both Are Disorders of Brain