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Gradual violation of a safety rule instead of violating a safety rule at a time paralyzes our ethical attitude towards safety and makes us less guilty of violating a safety rule or ethics. Gradual escalation of risk taking behavior dilutes more our attitude towards safety and makes us underestimate a risk than taking a risk at a time. In other words, it should be empirically verified whether the diversification of risk promotes the risk seeking behavior as compared with the risk taking at a time. It is possible that such a gradual escalation of risk taking behavior leads to a crucial accident like JCO (Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Office) critical mass accident. Thus, we paid attention to unethical behavior, in particular, the (intentional) violation of rules motivated by the economic incentive or the pursuit of efficiency. When we face a situation under which we must weigh the ethics of safety rule and the efficiency (economic aspect) in the balance, we may pursuit efficiency by taking a risk gradually by diversifying the risk. More concretely, it was hypothesized that we tend to underestimate the total risk when the total risk is divided to a few risk-taking behaviors than when the total risk is taken at a time. As a result of exploring the relationship between the diversification of risk (accepting (taking) the total risk gradually by dividing it into a few trials) and the risk assessment, it was clarified that we tended to underestimate the total risk when the total risk was divided into a few risk-taking behaviors than when the total risk was taken at a time.

Verification on Gradual Escalation Phenomenon of Violation Behavior—Using an Experimental Paradigm for Risk Diversification