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In early 2020, a new-type coronavirus of unknown origin attacked Wuhan city. The outbreak of the epidemic coincided with Chinese Spring Festival, a traditional Chinese holiday, and Wuhan, as a national transportation hub with a huge flow of travelers, was faced with a serious challenge of effectively curbing the spread of the virus. On January 23, 2020, Wuhan established the prevention and control headquarters of the new coronavirus infection, which issued a circular, “The city buses, subways, ferries, long-distance buses are suspended. Without due reasons, citizens are not allowed to leave Wuhan, and at the same time, all channels such as airports and railway etc. are temporarily closed” (Department of the CPC Wuhan Municipal Committee, The crisis of COVID-19 governance in Western countries has demonstrated inherent defects of the concept of freedom defined by liberalists. Error-Tolerantism integrating liberalism with China’s cultures divides the right to freedom into two categories: The right to freedom in the innovative fields is the right to be wrong as an original right; and those to freedom in the non-innovative fields are the subordinate rights. Rights come from mutual empowerment between people. The right theory of Error-Tolerantism called error-tolerant rights paradigm is the right to be wrong as an original right and mutual empowerment theory. The first defect of liberalism is that the Western media criticized China’s right to be wrong as an original right in the governance of COVID-19 by turning to the rights to freedom at the subordinate level in the context of non-COVID-19. The second defect is its failure to realize that the rational implementation of the right to be wrong as an original right will produce new subordinate rights. The number of people infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan dropping to zero indicates that new subordinate rights to freedom, such as keeping social distance, wearing face masks in public places, showing health codes, etc., have been formed and confirmed. Error-Tolerantism holds that the definition of freedom by liberalists lacks dynamics, leading to the confusion in understanding the idea of freedom and various illegal actions endangering public security, such as traveling, gathering, or demonstrating without wearing masks during the pandemic.

The Crisis of Global COVID-19 Governance and the Challenge of Liberalism From Error-Tolerantism