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Researches have shown that Raphia hookeri gum could be used as a binder in pharmaceutical formulations and gums in general have been used as emulsifiers in liquid paraffin emulsion but nothing has been heard of Raphia hookeri in liquid paraffin emulsion as an emulsifier. This work was aimed at evaluating the emulsifying properties of Raphia gum in liquid paraffin emulsion. Two separate preparations containing different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 5 and 10% w/v) of Raphia gum and acacia gum respectively were prepared. Five liquid paraffin emulsions (200 mL each) were also prepared using 60 mL liquid paraffin as the oil phase and 6 g of the various combinations of Raphia gum and Tween 80 as emulsifier blend at ratio 1:5, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 5:1. The preparations were assessed using density, viscosity and stability after 5 days of storage as evaluation parameters. By increasing the concentration of Raphia and Acacia gum, the density of emulsion formed increased. The ranking of the density was 10% > 5% > 3% > 2% > 1%. The viscosity of emulsion increased as the concentration of the gum increased. The viscosity which plays a role in the stability of emulsion increased as the concentration of gum increased. The ranking of viscosity was 10% > 5% > 3% > 2% > 1%. The stability of the emulsion was measured by the level of creaming and cracking. Emulsion containing 2% w/v of Raphia gum with a creaming index of 23% was more stable compared to the emulsion containing 3% w/v acacia gum with creaming index of 29.9%. The viscosity and stability of emulsion containing emulsifier blends of Raphia and Tween 80 increased with increase in the concentration of Raphia gum. Emulsion containing 3% w/v Raphia gum with no creaming was more stable than emulsion containing 1% w/v emulsifier blend. Raphia gum is suitable for use at a concentration of 2% w/v as an emulsifier in 50 mL of liquid paraffin emulsion competing alternatively to standard acacia gum for emulsification as against Afzelia africana in our previous research which was suitable for use at a concentration of 3% w/v as an emulsifier in 30% v/v liquid paraffin emulsion.

Emulsifying Properties of Raffia hookeri Gum and Its Blends with Tween 80 in Pharmaceutical Liquid Paraffin Emulsion