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This article will discuss the manner in which the EU applies the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) by making a comparison between Southern Mediterranean and eastern European neighbouring countries. The ENP has been launched in 2003 and implemented in 2004 by the European Union (EU) to create an area of prosperity, stability, security and economic cooperation with neighbouring countries, with the objective of avoiding the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its neighbours. The way in which this policy has developed and the current challenges and threats faced by the EU and neighbouring countries after more than 10 years of its launch lead us to seek if this policy is implemented in the same way in different neighbouring countries and why it has not achieved its strategic objectives. The case study methodology focusing on Ukraine with comparison made with other countries of the neighbour especially Southern Mediterranean countries is used to argue findings related to the shortcomings in the implementation of the ENP. The analysis of the situation reveals that this policy is highly dominated by the EU’s member countries in different neighbouring regions and by geo-strategic raisons. Decision-making process in EU institutions requires agreement of all EU countries for the decisions taken in the field of foreign policy and security. The consensus reached by EU countries to face together with the influence of Russia in eastern European countries, especially in Ukraine, gives EU institutions more prerogatives to manage the Ukrainian crisis and to have a very active diplomacy but with counterproductive results. However, the absence of geo-strategic competition in the Mediterranean region makes ENP more passive and the EU diplomacy overshadowed by the diplomacy of member countries facing conflicts erupted in that region.

The European Neighborhood Policy as a Key Framework for Stability and Economic Cooperation