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It has long been known that certain cattle diseases including tuberculosis, leukosis, metritis and cystic ovarian disease cause an increase in the relative weight of the adrenal glands. Cattle experimentally infected with Psoroptes ovis leading to psoroptic mange had significantly greater adrenal gland weights than non-infected controls or infected cattle treated with ivermectin (Blutke et al., 2015). This was thought to be attributable to chronic stress associated with constant pruritus. In humans, chronic stress caused by disorders such as chronic pain (Van Uum et al., 2008) leads to increased cortisol concentrations in hair because during the growth phase, cortisol diffuses passively from the capillaries into the hair shaft (Pragst and Balikowa, 2006) where it is stored (Wosu et al., 2013). Hair cortisol concentration therefore has evolved as a novel biomarker for chronic stress in humans (Russel et al., 2012). There have been several studies on hair cortisol concentrations in healthy and ill cattle (González-de-la-Vara et al., 2011; Comin et al., 2011, 2012, 2013; Peric et al., 2013; Burnett et al., 2014, 2015); ill cattle have higher concentrations than healthy cattle (Comin et al., 2013; Burnett et al., 2015). To the authors‘ knowledge, there have been no studies comparing adrenal gland weight and hair cortisol concentrations in cattle. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate adrenal gland weight and hair cortisol concentrations in relation to the health status of slaughter cows.

Hair cortisol concentration and adrenal gland weight in healthy and ill cows