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We have studied the oxidation of pure molybdenum metal at room temperature (RT) by low-energy oxygen-ion bombardment within an analytical, ultrahigh vacuum chamber, using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) around the Mo 3d core level. We provide a detailed characterization of the oxidation states of pure Mo and a comparison with the Mo oxidation in the CoCrMo alloy. After the thermal oxidation of pure metal at RT up to 5000 L of oxygen, the Mo 3d photoelectron remained almost unchanged. On the other hand, Mo oxidizes quite easily within the CoCrMo alloy by thermal oxidation at RT. The XPS spectra recorded after the ion bombardment showed a complex structure consisting of Mo, Mo and Mo oxidation states. Our study shows that pure Mo metal oxidizes more efficiently under oxygen-ion bombardment or when incorporated into the CoCrMo alloy. We explain our results in terms of the implantation dynamics of oxygen ions and the enhanced mobility and reactivity of oxygen atoms in the alloy, compared to the pure Mo metal.

Oxidation of molybdenum by low-energy oxygen-ion bombardment