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Effects of melt stirring and holding time were studied with an Al-4.5 % of mass fractions of Cu (A206) alloy. The optimum level of a grain refiner was determined in conjunction with both continuously stirred and non-stirred melts during the holding time. Results showed that a mass fraction of a Ti addition of as low as 0.03 % was sufficient to obtain the 82 μm average grain size, while a Ti addition exceeding the mass fraction of 0.03 % showed no significant effect on the grain size of castings. The grain refinement tends to fade with a long holding time in a non-stirred liquid. The results also showed that an effective grain refinement of the A206 alloy can be achieved with a long holding time as long as the liquid alloy is continually stirred.

Investigation of the effect of holding time and melt stirring on the grain refinement of an A206 alloy