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Artificial aggregates based on the self-firing process are often produced with an outdated technology without innovations and research. The knowledge of the production of ceramic materials is useful, but fly ash is quite a heterogeneous material influenced by the thermal processes occurring during the production; therefore, this problem has to be solved. The aim of the research work was to evaluate the influence of the character of fly ash on the formation, structure and properties of a sintered fly-ash body using laboratory firings. The main difference as regards the behavior is between the fly ash originating from high temperature and the one originating from fluidized-bed combustion. While the first type of ash contains mainly mullite and other high-temperature minerals, the fluidized-bed-combustion ash contains mainly anhydrite and free lime. These increase, for example, the manipulation strength of a fly-ash mix, but they also increase the amount of mixing water and weaken a sintered fly-ash body. The content of Fe2O3 and its modifications and the proportion of SiO2 in the amorphous phase or mullite are important parameters for evaluating various types of high-temperature combustion fly ashes. The content of Fe2O3 together with carbon finally works as a very effective fluxing agent. Thus, the surface of a specimen was sintered and the swelling was considerable due to the product gases of CO and CO2. A higher proportion of SiO2 contained in the amorphous phase increases the strength and the quality of a fly-ash body. A higher proportion of SiO2 in the crystal phase requires a higher amount of heat for obtaining a solid structure.

Quality of the structure of ash bodies based on different types of ash