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The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the by-pass cement-kiln dust (CKD) and two types of the fluidized-bed-combustion (FBC) fly ash on the workability, shrinkage and mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths) of the water-glass-activated slag. The utilization of CKD and FBC is very problematic. One of the main reasons for this is a high lime and sulfate content in these wastes, which can lead to the formation of expansive hydration products and, consequently, to the cracking of ordinary Portland-cement (OPC) materials. On the other hand, these products might act against the high shrinkage of the alkali-activated slag (AAS). In order to investigate this assumption and the influence of these admixtures on the other properties mentioned above, fine-grained AAS-based composites were prepared. A ground, granulated blast-furnace slag (the reference binder) was partially replaced (0–50 %) by one type of CKD and two types of the FBC fly ash. A significant reduction in the shrinkage was observed on the samples containing an even lower amount of fly ash, while the composites with CKD did not show any notable shrinkage reduction. When using higher dosages of these admixtures the mechanical properties were reduced, but lower dosages did not have such effects, especially as regards the compressive strength. The workability was also strongly dependent on the admixture dosage. Its improvement was observed especially in the case when slag was replaced by up to 30 % of CKD.

Effect of the by-pass cement-kiln dust and fluidized-bed-combustion fly ash on the properties of fine-grained alkali-activated slag-based composites