English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Common bunt of wheat is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Al-Jezera and northern parts of Iraq. Yield losses up to 70% were recorded in most wheat fields sown with untreated seeds. Recently an epi- demic form of the disease was observed in the central and southern parts of Iraq for the first time. High disease incidence was detected in most wheat fields in the region. This caused potential hazard to wheat production in the country. A systematic survey was conducted to detect the importance and geographical distribution of the disease in Iraq and to identify the causal agents. Results revealed that the disease is distributed in most of wheat fields in the northern and central parts of the country. The high level of wheat grain contamination with bunt balls was about 1.3% (w/w) in Diyala province and the low percent was about 0.04% (w/w) in Wasit. The disease was also detected for the first time in two locations in the south. These levels of contamination caused 50-100% superficial contamination of wheat seeds with teliospores of the causal agents in all wheat samples. Tilletia tritici, T. laevis, T. intermedia and Tilletia sp. were identified in all infected samples collected from wheat fields. The frequency of T. tritici was high (38.4%) in the north, while both T. laevis and T. intermedia were more frequent in the south (34.5 and 8.9%, respectively) followed by Tilletia sp. (25.5%) in the middle zones.

Current status of wheat bunt disease in Iraq