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Sometimes the tensile stressed construction materials fail brittly also at much lower stress than it corresponds to the tensile strength determined at the smooth test piece. This instable brittle fracture conduced to very rapid and unexpected fracture and therefore it is very dangerous. It goes out from cracks or other defects which effect the stress concentration which is present in real machine parts at any time. At the design of constructions resistant to the brittle failure the so-called transition access is often used. It secures that the transition temperature is enough under the temperature range when the machine part will be used (HERTZBERG 1989; KETTUNEN, KUOKKALA 2003). One of the most used tests of the transition temperature determination is the Charpy impact test (CSN EN 10 045-1) when the test specimen with the notch is impact stressed by means of the pendulum edge (SIH 1973, 1978). The tests are carried out in the sufficient temperature range and the relation between the measured impact energy values (KV – J) and the temperature (T – °C) is called the transition curve. Its behaviour using the materials of the b.c.c lattice shows the well-known “S” character. The transition curve can be divided into three significant ranges: 1. the low temperature range where the brittle failure occurs – the impact energy values are low, 2. the transition range – the significant increase of the impact energy values and as a rule with the high spread of measured values (caused by the different failure mode), 3. the higher temperature range where the ductile failure occurs – the impact energy values are high.

Mathematical function for the transition curves description