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Cagas B., Machac R. (2012): Effect of some factors on the incidence of choke (Epichloe typhina) in grass seed stands in the Czech Republic. Plant Protect. Sci., 48: 10–16. Choke of grasses caused by Epichloe typhina occurred in 2008 and 2009 in more than 25% of grass seed stands of timothy (Phleum pratense and P. nodosum); a lower incidence was reported in orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata). A decline in disease incidence in 2010 was caused partly by a reduction in the total area of grasses grown for seed production and partly by a decrease of older grass seed stands. The incidence of choke in timothy varieties Odenwalder and Pampas was very high; they differed statistically from the other 24 grown cultivars. No difference was found among 21 varieties of orchard grass. The highest incidence of choke was observed in varieties Comer and Dolina (timothy) and Amera (orchard grass). The incidence of choke in cultivated varieties of Phleum spp. and D. glomerata was affected by stand age (the incidence of the disease in timothy was recorded in 13% of stands in the first cropping year and in 50% of stands in the fifth cropping year). Choke disease occurred in all regions where the species were grown for seed.

Effect of some factors on the incidence of choke (Epichloë typhina) in grass seed stands in the Czech Republic