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Two methods were developed and tested for the measurement of the mowing machine material feed rate (based on the conditioner power input measured by a torque-meter, and/or on the material change in momentum measured by a curved impact plate). The measurements carried out in the year 2001 proved that a very good linear relationship existed between the conditioner power input, output frequency of the apparatus measuring the impact force by means of the impact plate, and the material feed rate through the mowing machine. The calculated R-Squared values were about 0.95. In the year 2002, the impacts of material and condition (parameters) changes on the mowing machine material feed rate measure- ment accuracy were measured under laboratory conditions. It was evident from the statistical evaluation that changing crop variety, crop maturity, and intensity of conditioning can have a statistically significant influence on the measurement based on the torque-meter. As concerns the impact plate measurement, it was found that it is not possible on the basis of our measurements to determine statistically the influence of the factors tested. The sensor of the forage crop feed rate can be useful in several applications of precision farming. The infor- mation on the variable feed rate of forage can be used for the calculation of the site-specific forage crop yield for a yield map. Flowrate measurement techniques for forage harvest- ers were published previously. Vansichen and De Baer- demaeker (1993) calculated the yield from the torque of the harvester blower. Another possibility is to measure the distance between the feeder rolls of the harvester (Ehlert and Schmidt 1995). Recently (1996), Auernham- mer and Demmel measured the yield using a nuclear gauge sensor placed in the spout of a forage harvester. A mass flow sensor for a pull type (trailed) forage har- vester based on a reaction of a curved plate in the spout was constructed and tested by Missotten et al. (1997). A site-specific measurement of biomass in growing crops was proposed using a pivoted cylindrical body moving horizontally through a plant population (moving pendulum). The angle of deviation of this pendulum var- ies with the plant properties (e.g. stand density, stem thickness, crop maturity, material moisture). These mea- surements were performed on cereals (Ehlert and Schmidt 1996). Martel and Savoie (1999) installed four sensors in a forage harvester to measure the feedroll displacement, the crop impact force against a hinged plate above the blower, the frequency of a capacitance controlled oscil- lator near the end of the spout, and the number of light beam interruptions by forage particles in the spout. Sig- nificant results were obtained from the feedroll displace- ment and the crop impact force. The linear relationship between the material feed rate and the measured signals was observed with R-Squared coefficient R 2 = 0.95 for the feedroll displacement, and R 2 = 0.94 for the crop impact force, respectively. The frequency of light beam interrup- tions was not sensitive to the changes in the throughput levels. The frequency of capacitance controlled oscilla- tor increased linearly with the increasing feed rate and the slope was related to the moisture content. A number of calibration parameters would be required for the preci- sion work of this system. Demmel et al. (2002) used the principle based on the belt weighing technology for the measurement of the mowing machine material feed rate. This system can be used only for the mowing machines equipped with swather conveyor. The objective of this research was to develop yield- mapping capabilities for modern mowing machines equipped with conditioners. The measurement of the material feed rate is based on the conditioner power in- put as measured by a torque-meter, or on the material change in momentum measured by a curved impact plate.

Development and testing of two methods for the measurement of the mowing machine feed rate