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Using genealogical analysis, the genetic diversity in winter wheat cultivars registered and grown in the former Czechoslovakia and the present Czech Republic during 1919-2001 was studied. The strong increase of the diversity level since the 1970-s is based on the wide use in breeding programs of foreign materials, most of which originated in countries of Western, Central and Eastern Europe. Simultaneously a genetic erosion in the released cultivars occurred; from the 1930-s to the 1970-s, a significant number of original local ancestors was lost. The modern cultivars listed in the Czech National List of Varieties in 2000-2001 can be distinguished into clusters. The overwhelming majority of cultivars belong to two clusters of similar extent. In one of them the ancestors from Western Europe can be found, while in the second cluster ancestors from Eastern Europe dominate, mainly through cvs. Mironovskaya 808 and Bezostaya 1. An index of similarity of modern cultivars grown in the Czech Republic is approximately equal to the average between half- and quarter-sibs. Consequently, it can be concluded that the genetic diversity in winter wheat cultivars presently grown in the Czech Republic has increased in the last decades and is considered as acceptable.

czech journal of genetics and plant breeding

Genealogical Analysis of the Genetic Diversity in Winter Wheat Cultivars Grown in the Former Czechoslovakia and the Present Czech Republic during 1919-2001