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In Moravia in 1995 to 2006, the abundant occurrence of  Galerucella lineola  (F.) was used to study its occurrence, biology and harmfulness. An “alder” biological form was studied in  Alnus glutinosa  and  A. incana  mainly in Polnička Forest District (Žďár region) and a “willow” form in  Salix viminalis ,  S. triandra  and  S. caprea  in riparian and accompanying stands of the Svitava river near Bílovice nad Svitavou (Brno region). Imagoes leave their sites usually in the 1st half of May. In the course of 2.5 to 3 months, they damage on average 22.6 cm 2  leaves of  A. glutinosa  and  S. caprea  (of this value, males 3.2 times less than females). Males eat on average 15 times during 24 hours for a period of 3.5 minutes, i.e. in total 52 minutes (3.6% day). Females eat on average 36 times for a period of 7 min, i.e. 252 min (17.5% day). Imagoes copulate on average 10.2 times per day for a period of 67 min. For the whole period of reproduction (about 42 days), they copulate on average 428 times, i.e. for 20 days. Eggs are laid into groups of 3 to 20 (on average 14) pieces. Females lay 457 to 791 (on average 612) eggs, i.e. about 15 eggs per day.  Medina collaris  (Fall.) (Tachinidae) and  Townesilitus fulviceps  (Ruthe) (Braconidae) belong, among others, to the enemies of imagoes.

Occurrence, biology and harmfulness of Galerucella lineola (F.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) - Part 1. Last year's (parent) beetles