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Cognition and executive functions are involved in almost every activity of a man. Mental dysfunctions, though not always apparent during the first contact with a patient, can reduce quality of life as much as physical disability. What is more, they often directly affect the motivation of a patient and the effects of rehabilitation. Ischemic diseases, such as stroke or microvascular diseases, cause a variety of symptoms. They interfere with patient’s physical and psychological well-being in terms of motor function, senses, emotions and cognition. It is important to know the specifics of neuropsychological disorders and rehabilitation in the nursing practice. To improve lost skills, the patient needs systematic neuropsychological therapy. Because of a high percentage of disability after stroke, we are still searching for therapies that will enable the best solution to the problem of this group. The aim of this paper is to review the therapeutic interventions improving cognitive functions. As a complement to standard therapy, the new forms of rehabilitation have been described, such as computer programs and exercises with feedback. Neurofeedback is a novelty in the treatment of stroke. The results of trainings are: changes in the cognition and executive functions, even at the level of brain. These changes can be seen both in patients trained with traditional methods and with the use of computer programs. This suggests an important role of brain neuroplasticity in improving cognition after training (Piel. Zdr. Publ. 2016, 6, 1, 45–49).

Cognitive and Executive Rehabilitation Therapy in Cerebral Ischemic Diseases