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In this article I shall attempt to answer the following questions: 1) is it possible to reconstruct the views and objectives of the first collectors of folk legends about the Ukrainian Cossacks as well as to recreate their “method?,” and if the answer is yes, then to what extent?; 2) How do the personal attitudes of collectors of folklore and their informants affect the folklore texts? This article features an abridged and modified version of a discussion, presented in my doctoral dissertation “Cossack motifs in Ukrainian folk legends.”(1) The article mainly focuses on Panteleimon Kulish, Iakiv Novyts’ky and Dmytro Iavornyts’ky, whose views, methods and contributions can be established with a considerable degree of certainty. Panteleimon Kulish (1819-1897) was a prominent Ukrainian writer, historian, ethnographer and folklorist. Born into a family with Cossack antecedents, Kulish grew up in an atmosphere of respect for folk tradition. In the 1840s, while a student at Kyiv University, Kulish began collecting folklore. In 1845, he published the first chapters of his novel Chorna rada (The rebels’ council), so establishing himself as a writer. A year later, he published his first historical work, Povest’ ob ukrainskom narode (The story of the Ukrainian people) [Doroshenko 1996: 110-11]. He subsequently taught literature at theUniversity of St Petersburg. In 1847, Kulish conducted more ethnographic and folklore research in the “western provinces of the Russian empire,” or in other words, in Ukraine. Fascinated by the Ukrainian past, Kulish was particularly interested in the Ukrainian Cossacks. His view of them varied considerably over time, ranging from fascination to disapproval, and eventually to harsh criticism. He began his historical studies by delving into the Cossack chronicles as well as folk poetry and prose glorifying the Cossacks. However, Kulish’s later acquaintance with certain archival documents and works by Polish authors made him critical of the Cossacks. Kulish condemned their frequent squabbles, their shifts in loyalty and their unruliness, thus blaming the Cossacks for their “destructive role” in the

Nineteenth-Century Collectors of Ukrainian Folk Legends: Their Views, Objectives, Methods and Their Informants