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PUBLISHED: 27 March 2019 In a paper published in Nature in 2018, Hoffman and Rowe1 describe the discovery of an adult tritylodontid cynodont, Kayentatherium, from the Jurassic of the Kayenta Formation (Arizona, USA), accompanied by at least 38 perinatal juveniles, all at the same very early stage of development. Such a high number of juveniles in one clutch is found only in a handful of oviparous reptiles, and never in viviparous or ovoviviparous species1, suggesting that these cynodonts laid eggs. As tritylodontids are amongst the closest relatives to Mammaliaformes, and sometimes even reconstructed as their sister clade2, this textbook changing discovery implies that all non-mammaliaform synapsids had an essentially reptilian-like reproductive biology1.

Parental care or opportunism in South African Triassic cynodonts?