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South African chromite ores are typically smelted together with various SiO2and CaO-containing fluxes, normally quartzite and limestone respectively. The purpose of the SiO2 is to lower the high melting point of the ore, while CaO is added to ensure that the slag that forms on smelting is fluid enough to enable separation of slag and alloy, and tapping from the furnace. Colemanite is a borate mineral, originating primarily from Turkey, and has the nominal, ideal composition of CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O. B2O3 readily fluxes chromite, and low amounts of this compound can yield a similar lowering of melting point as SiO2 can. In addition, colemanite already contains CaO, which aids in making the resulting smelting slag more fluid. Laboratory-scale smelting tests were conducted at Mintek over the course of 18 months. The work included the evaluation of a variety of boron-containing materials to replace conventional fluxes. The results of the laboratory tests and modelling work are presented in this paper.

Fluxing of South African chromite ore with colemanite