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under high stress has been a major concern in deep underground coal mines (He, 2014; Li et al., 2015). Especially after absorbing underground water or water vapour, the rock surrounding these roadways undergoes considerable weakening and swelling (Erguler and Ulusay, 2009; Wasantha and Ranjith, 2014). Under high overburden and tectonic stresses, the roadway and the surrounding rock commonly display the following characteristics: (a) large displacements, (b) high deformation rates, and (c) long deformation time (Lu et al., 2010; Kang, Liu, and Xi, 2014). The conventional support structure cannot adapt to the excessive deformation, which leads to damage of the support structure (loosening or breaking of the bolts, twisting of the U-steel legs). The instability of the roadway not only reduces its functionality, but also constitutes a safety hazard. Numerous studies have investigated the deformation and failure mechanisms in deeply buried soft-rock roadways (He, 2014; Guo, Qian, and Wang, 2009; Gao et al., 2010; Shen, 2014; Jiang et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2016). The deformation and failure mechanisms can be summarized as follows:

A yielding bolt-grouting support design for a soft-rock roadway under high stress: a case study of the Yuandian No. 2 coal mine in China