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multiple pits, ore processing streams, and metal refining options. An open pit mine produces ore (valuable) and waste material. Ore is transported to an appropriate processing stream for producing concentrate. A refinery processes the concentrate to produce marketable metal product (Lane, 1964, 1988). Cut-off grade optimization is based on Lane’s theory, where a mining system consists of three major stages such as mining, milling, and refining. In this approach the cut-off grade selection is done between six cut-off grades that involve all stages of a mining operation. Selection of the optimum cut-off grade influences the net present value (NPV) by maximizing the net cash flows from the operation. The cut-off grades include three limiting cut-off grades, which are applied where one stage of the mining system is limiting the operation. These cut-off grades depend directly on price and costs, but indirectly on the grade distribution of the deposit. The other three are balancing cut-off grades, which balance the capacities of each pair of the stages. They depend on the grade distribution of the deposit only. The economic parameters do not affect the change in the balancing cut-off grade. Using these six cut-off grades the optimum cut-off grade is selected using rules that are discussed later in this paper. The optimum cutoff grade is then used in the cut-off grade calculations to obtain the yearly profits and net present value. The optimal cut-off grade approach (Lane, 1964, 1988) has been modified in several studies by incorporating different mine scenarios. Dagdelen (1992) and Asad (2002) discussed the concept of optimum cut-off grade policy as outlined by Lane and formulated an algorithm used to maximize the NPV of a project. Dagdelen (1993) introduced an analytical method to find the balancing cutoff grades instead of using graphical methods by modifying Lane’s approach, which simplified the problem. King (2001) modified the approach by incorporating variations in ore type throughput for multi-element mineralization. Cetin and Dowd (2002) applied genetic algorithms to optimize cut-off grade for a multi-mineral mine. Asad (2005) developed a cut-off grade optimization algorithm with a stockpiling option for open pit mining operations exploiting two economic minerals. Asad (2007) optimized cut-off grade for an open pit mining operation using an NPV-based Development of a computer-aided application using Lane’s algorithm to optimize cut-off grade

Development of a computer-aided application using Lane's algorithm to optimize cut-off grade