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Draglines are self-operated stripping machines employed for removing of overburden material in opencast mines without assistance from a haulage machine (Figure 1). These earthmovers can be more than 4000 t overall weight, with bucket capacities commonly 90–120 m3, and have a capital cost up to US$100 million (Townson, Murthy, and Gurgenci, 2003). The productivity of a dragline is influenced by various considerations arising from operational, environmental, and humanbased issues. Irregularities and inhomogeneities in the environment of operation and the resultant stress variations are the main issues that cause unsteady loading of the front-end components of a dragline. Stress accumulation and induced damage to mechanical elements results in downtime, delays in the production schedule, and increased maintenance costs and contractor expenses. During stripping, the resistance encountered by the bucket is absorbed and transmitted to other components of the dragline such as the drag chain, hoist chain, rigging, and boom. The bucket is the source of external forces during operation. Therefore, investigation of the locations of stress concentration on the bucket is of paramount concern for better clarification of potential deficiencies in the bucket. Finite element analysis (FEA) can be effectively utilized to simulate actual cases of the dragline earthmoving process. FEA has been extensively utilized in many studies to develop models of the interaction between formation and digging tool. Mouazen and Nemenyi (1999) developed a FEA model to simulate the formation cutting process in sub-layers with various geometries. Fielke (1999) presented a model revealing the effect of cutting edge geometry on the required cutting force. Davoudi et al. (2008) generated a model capable of estimating draft forces during tillage operation. Frimpong and Demirel (2009) examined the stress distribution along a dragline boom using FEA together with results acquired by kinematic and dynamic modelling of the boom. Brittle and plastic deformability of the formation subjected to the earthmoving process have also been investigated (Chi and Kushwaha, 1989; Raper and Erbach, 1990; Aluko and Chandler, 2004; Aluko, 2008). The current study intends to bring innovation to dragline productivity by examining stress distributions on the bucket body. The development of a 3D solid modeling of a dragline bucket is described. This is followed by an estimation of the resistive force exerted by the formation encountered in earthmoving activity. The procedures and assumptions regarding FEA within the scope of study are Investigation of stress in an earthmover bucket using finite element analysis: a generic model for draglines by O. Gölbaşı* and N. Demirel*

Investigation of stress in an earthmover bucket using finite element analysis: A generic model for draglines