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The authors study the concepts of data protection and freedom of information, which are considered to be the basic concepts of modern information societies. The research is based on the materials of British and American mass media. Language is viewed as integral part of the society, as one of its self-regulation mechanisms; the authors use the integrationist approach to language and the bio-cultural theory of meaning to describe each of the concepts from the standpoint of its value for the society. They also prove that the meaning of these concepts is based on their characteristic as a “valuable resource”, which leads to the co-existence of two opposing trends — the need to protect private life and private information on the one hand, and the necessity of sharing different, including private, information to reach the socially approved goals on the other hand. The first trend is manifested through the concept of privacy, while the second describes the availability of data and information. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of social changes that lead to a new balance of data protection / freedom of information, to the necessity of finding a new equilibrium point. They study the rapid growth of various social networking sites and messengers that facilitate the emergence and dissemination of fake news, while this news — data and information — lose their characteristic of a “valuable resource” since they are totally or partially false. Social networking sites could also make personal information widely available or collect user information that is then transferred to a third party. The unacceptability of such practices in the eyes of the society is examined using the example of a recent scandal involving Facebook and Data Analytica. The authors come to the conclusion that the concepts of data protection and freedom of information reflect the essence of a regulatory social mechanism that coordinates interactions between the person and society in the new information age.

The Reflection of the Social Value Hierarchy in the Concepts of Data Protection and Freedom of Information