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espanolLa deficiencia de hierro es la carencia nutricional mas prevalente y la principal causa de anemia a escala mundial. Los grupos poblacionales con mayor riesgo son los ninos de entre 6 y 24 meses de edad y las mujeres embarazadas. En los ninos, la causa mas comun es el aumento del requerimiento ferroso, relacionado con la mayor velocidad de crecimiento. La Sociedad Argentina de Pediatria recomienda, como tratamiento preventivo de la anemia, la suplementacion diaria con sulfato ferroso. Sin embargo, a partir de la decada del 90, se ha planteado como tratamiento alternativo la suplementacion con una dosis semanal unica, la cual provocaria menos efectos adversos. En el presente trabajo se propone analizar el dano genomico inducido por ambos tipos de administracion del hierro en linfocitos humanos cultivados in vitro. Los linfocitos fueron cultivados durante 7 dias en 4 frascos: 1- Control negativo; 2- Tratamiento diario (0,13mg SO4Fe/dia); 3- Tratamiento semanal (0,55mg SO4Fe/semanal); 4- Control positivo (bleomicina). El dano cromosomico provocado por el exceso de hierro se determino a traves del ensayo de micronucleos por bloqueo de la citocinesis y se establecio el indice mitotico, indicador de crecimiento celular. Las diferencias fueron evaluadas estadisticamente por ANOVA Simple. La frecuencia de micronucleos resulto significativamente aumentada para el tratamiento diario respecto del semanal y del control negativo. Los resultados se corresponden con los esperados, en los cultivos con tratamiento semanal se observa un menor dano cromosomico, lo cual puede deberse a una menor produccion de radicales libres del oxigeno. EnglishIron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency, and the main cause of anemia worldwide. Children between 6 and 24 months of age and pregnant women are among the highest-risk groups. In the case of children, the most common cause of iron deficiency is an increase in iron requirement, directly associated with higher growth rates. The Argentine Society of Pediatrics recommends daily supplementation with ferrous sulphate to prevent anemia. However, an alternative treatment with a single weekly dose was proposed in the 90s, since it might produce fewer adverse effects. The aim of this work was to analyze the genomic damage caused by both ferrous sulphate preventive treatments. Human lymphocytes were cultured in vitro for seven days in four flasks: 1) negative control, 2) daily treatment (0.13mg SO4Fe/day), 3) weekly treatment (0.55mg SO4Fe/week), and 4) positive control (bleomycin). Chromosomal damage caused by excess iron was determined by the micronucleus test, and the mitotic index (cell growth indicator) was established. Differences were statistically evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Micronuclei frequency was significantly higher in the daily treatment group, as compared with the weekly treatment group and the negative control (p≤0.05). As expected, our results showed decreased chromosome damage in cultures subjected to the weekly treatment, probably due to a decreased oxygen free radical production.

Comparación in vitro de la frecuencia de micronúcleos provocada por dos formas de administración del tratamiento preventivo de la anemia ferropénica