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KEY WORDS microscopy; dry bone remains; multiple approaches ABSTRACT The invention of the microscope revolutionized the course of human knowledge. This instrument changed the face of science and of previous beliefs, expanded the horizons of knowledge, and challenged philosophical and scientific thought, especially in the field of natural sciences and medicine. In the domain of bioarchaeology, the introduction of histological techniques was important; not only to identify body tissues and to diagnose diseases in mummified remains, but also to understand bone and teeth microstructure, and associated patterns of response to environmental constraints. In this paper a critical review of the major contributions of histology to the growing body of knowledge in paleopathology and bioarchaeology will be presented, focusing on the current multiple applications of microscopy, its limitations, and its future challenges. PALABRAS CLAVE microscopia, restos humanos, multiples enfoques RESUMEN La invencion del microscopio ha revolucionado el curso del conocimiento humano. Este instrumento cambio la “cara” de la ciencia y de las creencias anteriores, amplio los horizontes del conocimiento y reto al pensamiento filosofico y cientifico, especialmente en el campo de las ciencias naturales y la medicina. En el dominio de la bioarqueologia, la introduccion de tecnicas histologicas fue determinante, no solo para identificar los tejidos del cuerpo y diagnosticar enfermedades en restos momificados, sino tambien para comprender la microestructura y dinamica de los huesos y los dientes, y los patrones asociados de respuesta a las restricciones ambientales. En este trabajo se presenta una revision critica de las principales contribuciones de la histologia al creciente cuerpo de conocimientos de la paleopatologia y la bioarqueologia, con enfasis en las actuales aplicaciones de la microscopia, sus limitaciones y los desafios para el futuro.

Paleohistology and the study of human remains: past, present and future approaches