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The hired soldiers had to face many perils during the campaign. Naturally, injuries taken on the battlefields and in sieges were primary among these. Slash, stab and bullet wounds all were commonplace and required proper treatment by the barber surgeons, Feldshers and doctors who travelled with the unit or the camp. However, the various diseases posed an even more severe problem. These could be caused by the poor nutrition, unfamiliar food and drinks, by the different climate, by the heat or cold, the lack of sleep, wearing of armor and gear, by prolonged guard duty, the filth and garbage accumulated in the camp, and by the smoke and harmful fumes from the gunpowder and fuses. But more than any other contagious diseases, the military leadership most feared the nearly epidemical syphilis, spread by the prostitution that was ever present in the camps. At the urging of Pedro de Illanes and paying attention to his advice, did make efforts in the first half of the Long Turkish War to set up a healthcare facility independent of the town hospitals and which could operate under field conditions as well. But it was not successful, due to financial reasons on the one hand and because of human negligence on the other hand. Thus the court had to involve in the healing of soldiers those towns that possessed hospitals.

Pedro de Illanes and a field hospital to be established in Hungary during the Long Turkish War (1593-1606)