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espanolEste trabajo analiza si cabe considerar que la trata de seres humanos es un crimen contra la humanidad. Ello exige examinar su posible incardinacion en alguna o algunas de las conductas tipificadas en el articulo 7 del Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional. Como es sabido, dicho articulo exige que cualquiera de esos actos se cometan como parte de un ataque generalizado o sistematico contra una poblacion civil y con conocimiento de dicho ataque (elemento contextual) y entiende por tal una linea de conducta que implique la comision multiple de esos actos de conformidad con la politica de un Estado o de una organizacion de cometer ese ataque o para promover esa politica (elemento politico). La posibilidad de que actores no estatales cometan crimenes contra la humanidad ha sido largamente debatida por la doctrina. En el caso de la trata de seres humanos, debe analizarse si la posibilidad de exigir responsabilidad penal a los tratantes como autores de crimenes contra la humanidad mejoraria la efectividad en la persecucion del delito. Una responsabilidad que, en ningun caso, eximiria la del propio Estado, exigible en virtud del principio de diligencia debida en la prevencion, investigacion y sancion de violaciones graves de derechos humanos. EnglishThis work analyses if trafficking in human beings can be considered a crime against humanity. The possibility of including trafficking in human beings in the conducts considered by article 7 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court has to be firstly examined. Besides that, it has to be taken into account that this article requires that those acts have to be committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack (contextual requirement) and assumes that such attack means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of those acts against any civilian population, pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack (policy requirement). The debate on the possibility of non-State actors committing crimes against humanity has provoked strong academic controversy. Regarding trafficking in human beings, it has to be analyzed if the reclassification of the offence as a crime against humanity would contribute to combat it in a more efficient manner. The analysis should also take into account that such an eventual criminal authors’ responsibility does not exclude State responsibility according to standards of due diligence.

La tipificación de la trata de seres humanos como crimen contra la humanidad: Una contribución al debate en torno al elemento político de los crímenes