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This chapter is a reflection and comment on Toni Negri’s essay ‘The Appropriation of Fixed Capital: A Metaphor?’. The comment first points out aspects of Negri’s reception of Marx. It stresses the continuities of the Grundrisse and Capital. In both, we can find a dialectical concept of technology. Second, this chapter points out that Negri’s notion of the appropriation of technology/fixed capital should best be read as a critique of techno-optimism a la Marshall McLuhan and of techno-pessimism a la Martin Heidegger. Negri advances a dialectical concept of appropriation that is focused on the appropriation, and therefore transformation, of technology and society. Third, this reflection asks: what does it mean to appropriate digital machines? Concrete strategies of digital appropriation are outlined. The author argues that commons-public partnerships can be powerful political means of struggle against digital capitalism.

Appropriation of Digital Machines and Appropriation of Fixed Capital as the Real Appropriation of Social Being: Reflections on Toni Negri’s Chapter