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The aim of this study is to present some of the principal traits in Scandinavian ethnologic and folkloristic research. The main emphasis is placed on ritualised behavior, both in everyday and holiday contexts. In earlier European ethnology, this field has generally been called research on ,,customs" (cf. Bringeus 1976, Briick 1981, Gustavsson 1981c). In more recent research, however, the terms ,,life form" (cf. Christiansen 1980) or ,,rite" (cf. Frykman 19 79) have been used to replace ,,custom". ,,Life form" brings to mind the term ,,Lebensweise" which has become significant in German ethnology, and which comprises, in a natural way, behavior in everyday life. ,,Rite" is derived from Anglo-Saxon social anthropology as, for example, Mary Douglas uses the term. To use ,,rite" in this sense is, however, questionable, partly since in Scandinavian ethnology and science of religion it has long been reserved for interactions between human beings and the world of the supernatural (i.e. Bringeus 1976, Siikala 1978). In my opinion, the term ,,custom" particularly brings out the normative side, the group pressure, and the repetitive character through time ofritualised behavior ( Gustavsson 19 7 2a, 19 8 lc ). The value of this term as an ethnologic concept has been increasingly discussed and questioned in recent years (e.g. Egardt 1973). So as not to become involved in this discussion here, I use the expression ,,behavior" wherever possible.

Ritualised Behavior Some Research Trends in Scandinavian Enthnology and Folklore in the 1970s