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51 Unaccustomed Alliances: Round Tables on the Trafficking of Women I am standing in front of a five-star hotel at the outskirts of Istanbul, only a few minutes from the airport, waiting for my lift. Once again I had endured a two-day political spectacle together with delegates from governments, secret service organizations, the European Union, international and supranational organizations such as Europol, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the International Organization for Migration together with national and local non-government organizations (NGOs). For the past six months I had been doing ethnographic fieldwork, applying a multi-sited approach, on policy development within the so-called Budapest Process – a series of ongoing conferences and workshops begun in 1991 on the implementation of EU migration and border policies in areas outside of EU jurisdiction – and held the role of “independent researcher”, that peculiar person who somehow belonged at the far end of the table (see Hess 2009, 2010). The Budapest Process and the ICMPD, the International Centre for Migration Policy Development located in Vienna, which acted as Secretariat for the Process, had caught my attention many years earlier as a key political institution in the area of migration and border management. The ICMPD informs EU Member States, especially new Member States, about policies in these areas and also targeted adjacent countries through workshops and “capacity building programmes” (see Düvell 2002; Hess 2009; Georgi 2007; Geiger & Pécoud 2010). Based on a two-year ethnographic research project on the making of European migration policy, this article explores the ways in which gender is deeply inscribed in the articulations, practices, and rationalities of the new European migration regime. It focuses on the area of “anti-trafficking” policies at national and transnational levels, showing how and why an “anti-trafficking dispositif” has been created over the last twenty years. Anti-trafficking policy, which targets women in particular, has become one of the main pillars of a restrictive, Europeanized migration and border regime. The article offers theoretical and methodological approaches to this gendering of migration policy, and asks what such a co-optation of feminist discourses and practices means for reflexive feminist cultural theory, research, and practice.

HOW GENDERED IS THE EUROPEAN MIGRATION REGIME? A Feminist Analysis of the Anti-Trafficking Apparatus