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El conflicto en torno a la construccion de una carretera que atravesaria el Territorio Indigena del Parque Nacional Isiboro Secure (TIPNIS), desatado en agosto de 2011, ha marcado un momento de ruptura en las relaciones entre el gobierno boliviano y los movimientos sociales, y entre las propias organizaciones. En este articulo se proporcionan algunos elementos de analisis que permitan comprender el reciente cambio en los equilibrios politicos y sociales en Bolivia. Despues de un periodo de alianzas y el apoyo mutuo ante las amenazas de los enemigos externos – en particular, el neoliberalismo y los poderes oligarquicos – los movimientos sociales han entrado recientemente en un momento de fragmentacion y disputa sobre el acceso a los mismos espacios fisicos, simbolicos y de potencia. Las reformas normativas y constitucionales, asi como la nueva remodelacion de configuraciones sociales y el poder politico han contribuido a este escenario conflictivo, que encuentra una de sus principales y mas simbolicas expresiones en los conflictos por la tierra y el territorio, como el conflicto del TIPNIS. English: The conflict around the construction of a road that would cut across the Isiboro Secure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS), exploded in August 2011 and still unsolved, can be considered a turning point in the relationship between the Bolivian government and social movements, and among social movements themselves. This paper provides some insights to understand the recent shift in Bolivian political and social equilibria. After a period of alliances and mutual support in the face of threats from external enemies – in particular, neoliberalism and oligarchic powers – social movements have recently entered into a moment of fragmentation and contention over access to the same physical, symbolic and power spaces. Both recent normative and constitutional reforms as well as new reshaping of social configu-rations and political power contributed to this conflictive scenario, which finds one of its main and most symbolic expressions in the conflicts for land and territory such as the TIPNIS dispute.

Evo Morales at the Crossroads: Problematizing the Relationship between the State and Indigenous Movements in Bolivia