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Ethephon (ETF) has been used in agriculture as an ethylene releaser type of plant growth regulator. The aim of this work was to determine the ecotoxicological effects of ETF on the survival and the antioxidant metabolism of the insects using a model organism Galleria mellonella L. 1758. A toxicity test was performed to determine the lethal doses of ETF on larvae. According to probit assay, the LD 50 and LD 99 values for force fed larvae were 344 and 419 µg/5 µl, respectively, 30 d after treatment. Analyses performed with 10 doses ≤LD 50 at 24 and 48 h upon feeding larvae revealed that the malondialdehyde level increased at 300 and 330 µg/5 µl doses, whereas glutathione-S-transferase activity increased only with a 360 µg/5µl dose of ETF at 24 h. However, an increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity was evident at all ETF doses at 48 h. An increase in glutathione peroxidases activity was determined at 250, 300 and 330 µg/5µl at 24 and 48 h. All ETF doses caused an important increase in catalase activity at 24 h but remained unchanged at 48 h. Superoxide dismutase activity also elevated at doses >250 µg/5µl at 24 h when compared to the control. Same changes in superoxide dismutase activity were also observed at all doses of ETF except for 360 µg/5µl at 48 h. These results showed that ETF induced oxidative stress resulted in toxic effects that affected on the survival of model organism G. mellonella .

Toxicological and physiological effects of ethephon on the model organism, Galleria mellonella L. 1758 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)