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Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is an interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis which has no effective therapy available for it. Aim of the work: The study aims assessing the ability of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to reduce pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin rat model. Materials and Methods: Thirty two rats divided into 4 equal groups were included in this study; group I: normal control group, group II: lung fibrosis group, group III: CD34+ group and group IV: MSCs group. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in groups II, III and IV by bleomycin hydrochloride. On the day of induction, groups III and IV were treated by CD34+ stem cells and MSCs respectively. Fourteen days after induction of fibrosis, lung function was assessed by blood gas analysis, animals were sacrificed, and lungs were dissected for histopathology, immunohistochemistry and TGF-β1 assessment. Results: Treatment with CD34+ stem cells significantly improved arterial blood oxygen. MSCs also improved blood oxygenation without restoring it to normal. Regarding degree of fibrosis, both CD34+ stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells were found to be markedly improved histopathological changes without restoring lung morphology to normal. Both stem cells restored TGF-β1 level to normal. Conclusion: Treatment with CD34+ stem cells and MSCs improve functional and structural alterations in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats and CD34+ stem cells are better than MSCs in improving blood oxygenation.

Comparison between the Effect of CD34+ Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Improving Pulmonary Fibrosis in Bleomycin Rat Model