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The most common plastics used for packaging of food and beverages are thermoplastics. Thermoplastics are polymers of plastic materials capable to melt with some technological enhancers, and then re-solidified without degradation. The polymers of polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) are the most common polymers used to manufacturer food packaging plastics. To select the appropriate materials for each food category, certain industrial and technical properties should be considered. The water vapor transmission rate is of prime importance, especially when such plastic products intended to be used in bottled water and/or other beverages. As well, the strength of the package seal, the hardness of the bottle after a period of time, bottle transparency and other desired optical properties, gas and moisture transmission rates, all these parameters should be considered. To meet the desired technical and industrial properties, plasticizers were added to the raw materials at different percentages could reach up to 60% (w/w). Phthalate plasticizers (PAE’s) are benzene di-carboxylic acid esters with different degrees of toxicity. Phthalate plasticizers are degraded slowly by the hydrolysis process of an ester bond to corresponding mono-ester followed by hydroxylation of the alkyl moiety and finally mineralization. Unfortunately, phthalate congeners are easily migrating from the packaging material and containers to the inner and surrounded media of food, beverage, water and environment. Thus, phthalate congeners could enter and reach the environment either during production and manufacturing (minor pathway) or by leaching, migration and volatilization (major pathway) during use and after disposal of plastic products. The wide usage of plastic products in food and beverage industries leads to suggest the high risk of exposure to phthalate hazards. Considering the recent report of European Union (2007) which exhibited that the annual production of phthalate plasticizers exceed 6 million tons. Moreover, phthalate plasticizers are used in large such as enteric coating of pharmaceutical pills, lubricants, electronics, building materials, furniture, personal care, care, children toys, waxes, paints and textile. This widespread use of phthalates leads to give more attention to such hazards and taking enough care when the process of risk assessment of phthalate hazards would.

The Risk of using Plastic Packaging’s in Food Industry Referring to Phthalate Hazards