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Background: Depression remains the major cause of global burden of disease and affects individuals in all communities across the world. More than 300 million individuals worldwide suffer from depression. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanol extract and chloroform fraction of Moringa oleifera leaf in mice. Methodology: Ethanol Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera (ELEMO) was prepared from the freshly collected leaves of Moringa oleifera, the leaves were shade dried, pulverized and extracted using 70% v/v ethanol by cold maceration for three days with occasional stirring and agitation. The filtrate was filtered using Whatman filter paper No 1 and then concentrated in electric oven at 50°C until dried extract (97 g) was obtained which was then kept in desiccators until use. Significant quantity of the extract (85 g) was then partitioned with chloroform and the resultant fraction was kept in air tight container maintained at 21 ± 1°C until used. Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies of the extract and the fraction were carried out using the standard methods. Antidepressant screening of the extract at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was conducted using Tail Suspension Test (TST) and Forced Swim Test (FST) while the Chloroform Fraction (CF) was evaluated for the antidepressant activity at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Results: Alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, sterols, carbohydrate and terpenoids were detected from the extract while glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, sterols and terpenoids gave a positive reaction from the Chloroform Fraction (CF). The result of the acute toxicity studies revealed the LD50 values of 1131.4 mg/kg body weight in mice for the ethanol extract and 471.0 mg/kg for the chloroform fraction. Ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (ELEMO) at all the tested doses significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently reduced the duration of immobility of mice in tail suspension test compared to control group. The extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/ kg body weight also exhibited significant (p<0.05) reduction in the immobility time when compared to the normal saline treated group in mice FST. Chloroform fraction at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly (p<0.05) reduced the duration of immobility in mice tail suspension test as compared to control group, however in forced swim test, the fraction at all the tested doses did not affect the immobility time compared to control. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (ELEMO) possess antidepressant activity in both TST and FST in mice while chloroform fraction possesses antidepressant activity in mice TST only.

Evaluation of Antidepressant Effect of Ethanol Extract and Chloroform Fraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) Leaf in Mice