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Background: Age and gender effects of various foods intakes on BMI (body mass index) or plasma levels of various factors such as glucose, insulin, and lipids have not been elucidated. We tried to examine these effects in Japanese young and old men and women. Methods: Male (n=25 age; 60.8 ± 9.9) and female (n=39 age; 67.4 ± 7.5) acquaintances older than 50 years old and male (n=49 age; 20.7 ± 1.5) and female (n=47 age; 21.2 ± 0.7) college students were asked to participate in the experiments. BMI and various plasma factors were measured and correlations between these factors were calculated. Results: Fasting blood glucose levels were higher in old men and women than in young men and women. There was no difference in plasma levels of insulin in young and old men and women. Old men and women took more energy, various kinds of foods such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and polyunsaturated fatty acids than young men or women. There was a significant correlation between carbohydrate uptake and plasma levels of insulin only in young women. No significant correlations were observed between protein uptake and total amino acids, lipid uptake and total or LDL cholesterol, or carbohydrate uptake and blood glucose levels in young and old men or women. Plasma levels of triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol, and remnant cholesterol were higher in old men and women than in young men and women. Plasma levels of poly unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA (eicosapentanoic acid), DHA (docosahexanoic acid), and arachidonic acid were higher in old men and women than young men and women. Blood glucose levels increased with the uptakes of sucrose and sweet beverage only in young men and plasma levels of insulin increased with the uptakes of cakes and confectionaries only in old men. Conclusion: There were significant differences in plasma levels of various factors depending upon age and gender. Older people seem to have more factors related to atherosclerosis and obesity. There was no specific food related to increase in BMI in young and old men and women.

obesity. open access

Age and Gender Influence Differently on Various Foods Intakes, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Levels of Various Plasma Parameters in Young and Old Men and Women in Japan