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Objectives: To study the effect of weight changes before pregnancy on maternal weight development during and after pregnancy and on birth weight. Because physical activity, smoking, breastfeeding and sleeping might play a role in weight development, they were taken into account. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study in 254 women, anthropometric measurements were performed at 15, 25, and 35 weeks of gestation and 6, 26 and 52 weeks postpartum. In addition, women reported on weight changes in the six months preceding pregnancy, and on smoking, sleeping, and breastfeeding. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured objectively using accelerometers. Of 217 babies birth weight and birth percentile were reported. In linear regression models, the relation between weight changes before pregnancy with gestational weight gain, pregnancy outcome and weight retention was assessed, controlling for lifestyle factors. Results: About 9% of all women lost more than 5% of body weight before pregnancy, and another 6% gained more than 5% of body weight. Women who lost weight had a significantly higher BMI throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period compared to women with a more stable weight. After adjusting for BMI at 15 weeks, age, and lifestyle factors, women who lost weight had significantly more weight retention (beta 3.64 kg, 95% CI 0.57 to 6.70 kg) and delivered heavier babies (beta 391.5 g, 95% CI 106.3 to 676.7 g). Conclusions: Maternal body weight change preceding pregnancy influenced birth weight and maternal weight retention. These findings should be confirmed in a much larger sample.

obesity. open access

A Longitudinal Cohort Study on Maternal Weight Change Preceding Pregnancy in Relation to Gestational Weight Gain, Pregnancy Outcome and Weight Retention