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Background: Obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk for obesity in adulthood, emphasizing the need for early intervention. Prior research shows potential benefits of using technology to promote weight loss, healthy dietary habits, and/or physical activity in adults; however, little is known about the efficacy of different modes of technology in children and adolescents. The objective of the present study was to review the use of technology-based interventions to improve nutritional behaviors and weight status in children and adolescents. Methods: Literature searches of PubMed, PSYC INFO, Web of Science, and Science Direct were performed, using PRISMA review guidelines, to find studies published between 2008 and 2015. Articles were included if they were randomized controlled trials conducted on children or adolescents 19 years or younger, and if the intervention components included mobile applications, websites, and/or text messages. Results: Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In nine studies, technology was the stand-alone intervention and in nine studies, technology was a supplemental intervention. Seven studies resulted in significant improvements in nutritional behaviors or weight status in favor of the technology-based intervention, eight studies showed trends toward favorable outcomes, and three studies showed no effects. Additionally, all studies employed a behavioral approach and seventeen were informed by a behavioral theory. Conclusions: Technology seems to be an acceptable and feasible means for improving the health of children and adolescents and using behavioral theory to tailor interventions and incorporating family-based content may help improve health outcomes.

Technology as a Platform for Improving Healthy Behaviors and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: A Review