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Address for Correspondence: Dr. Venkatesh Kamath, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, G.S.L. Medical College, NH-16, Lakshmipuram, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India 533296. phone no: 9651710187 E-Mail: drvenkateshkamath@gmail.com Background and aims: The recent developments in the field of bone grafting surgeries make it imperative for a surgeon to understand precisely the topography of the nutrient foramina to ensure procedural success without vascular compromise. Materials and Methods: The study involved 205 bones, which included 70 humerus, 71 radii and 64 ulnae. The position and number of the primary diaphyseal nutrient foramina in each of the bones was studied. Results: It was observed that all the bones have a single primary nutrient foramen. The mean foraminal index was 55.41 for humerus, 34.84 for radius and 35.86 for ulna. In the humerus, the primary diaphyseal foramen is usually observed in the middle third of the bone and in the radius and ulna it is observed predominantly in the junction between the upper and middle third. In the humerus the foramen is predominantly seen on the anteromedial surface (95.71%). In the radius and ulna, the primary diaphyseal foramen was predominantly seen on the anterior surface with a 91.54% incidence in radius and 100% incidence in the ulna. Conclusion: An orthopedic surgeon performing a bone graft or a joint replacement or internal fixation involving precise positioning of plate or a vascularized bone microsurgery must be familiar with the precise location of the nutrient foramen for preserving the vasculature of bone and ensuring good postoperative prognosis.

TOPOGRAPHY OF DIAPHYSEAL FORAMINA IN BONES OF UPPER EXTREMITY AND ITS SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS