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The identification of the Toll receptor in Drosophila was a major discovery which restructured the paradigm in immunityas well as developmental biology . Toll homologues are present in mammals where they regulate only immunity . However ,in flies, same Toll pathway controls two disparate biological processes like embryonic dorso-ventral patterning and humoralimmune response. Toll activation by Spatzle is preceded by a proteolytic cascade which is dif ferently regulated in immunityand embryonic development. Signalling downstream to Toll is similar in both processes and eventually leads to theactivation of Drosophila homologues of NF-κB proteins; Dorsal and DIF. Toll pathway, in the early embryo results ingraded expression of Dorsal protein leading to Dorso-V entral axis patterning. On the other hand, activation of Toll-Dorsalpathway in the fat-body leads to induction of antibacterial proteins in larval and adult stages. Here, we review the currentstatus of our knowledge of Dorsal pathway in embryonic development and immunity with special emphasis to regulationof target gene/s of the two pathways by Dorsal.Key W ords : Dorsal; Toll; DNA Geometr y; Dorso-Ventral Patterning; Insect Immunity

Toll-Dorsal Pathway Regulates Immunity as well as Dorso-Ventral Patterning in Drosophila