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The ascensional difference or the cara is a fundamental astronomical concept that is crucial in determining the durations of day and night, which are a function of the observer’s latitude and the time of the year. Due to its importance, almost all astronomical texts prescribe a certain procedure for the determination of this element. The text Lagnaprakaraṇa—a hitherto unpublished manuscript attributed to Mādhava, the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics—however discusses not one, but a number of techniques for the determination of the cara that are both interesting and innovative. The present paper aims to discuss these techniques.

Determination of Ascensional Difference in Lagnaprakarana