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Handloom weaving was the most widespread industry in colonial India, next only to agriculture. A century ago India was the prime centre for trade of fine textile products. However, under the colonial rule it gradually transformed into a market for cotton-textile goods imported from Manchester and Lancashire. This also brought about technological changes in various processes of handloom weaving industry reflecting not merely a technological shift, but a cultural encounter where recipient already possessed a native system of handloom weaving. The present paper will examine the introduction of institutional mechanism of weaving industry on modern lines. The establishment of Central Weaving Institute in the heartland of weaving artisans ‘Banaras’, in 1912 is indeed a glaring example to modernize the weaving methods of artisans in United Provinces. Major focus will however be made on technological change in handloom weaving industry, followed by mapping of the efforts made by various agencies viz. provincial government or voluntary organizations to adopt and adapt the changes in handloom weaving in colonial India. Finally it will stress on the institutionalization of modern form of Weaving School at Banaras which was named Central Weaving Institute.

Central Weaving Institute, Banaras: A Cultural Encounter between Native and Modern form of Instructional Practices