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This study was undertaken in the northern M'sila province of Algeria, well-known for poultry farming. It sought to identify their diverse structural characteristics and production conditions in order to explain the poor performance of these farms. We surveyed 42 poultry farms (9.9% of the total). The results show that they are characterized by underutilization of the production capacity (2.3 flocks per year in buildings of 436 ±162 m2). The average size of the farms is evaluated at 3210 chickens, with 4705 layers per flock. The low density (8.2 birds/m2) is related to the extensive production process used (buildings with static ventilation) especially given that M'sila is a hot area. Thus, the weak production (mortality exceeding 10%, poor growth, egg loss, and food waste) is related to the characteristics of the farmer and the farmers (their know-how, hygiene level, and input quality). Finally, diversification of the production systems is a factor promoting these farms' survival, particularly in view of the uncertainties of the poultry market.

Technical, occupational, and social characterization of poultry farms and farmers in a steppe zone (province of M'sila, Algeria)