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Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to reduce the incidence of acute graft rejection in three controlled trials of cadaveric renal transplantation. In a U.S. trial using quadruple sequential induction therapy as control, the MMF 2-g treatment group had an acute rejection rate 40.6% lower than control in the first posttransplant year (27.9% MMF-treated versus 47.0% control). The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the economic implications of these clinical differences. The analysis relies on resource use data from the trial and other sources. Medical costs were estimated using a societal perspective and excluded the cost of the transplant procedure and organ acquisition. The two groups were compared in terms of treatment for acute rejection and opportunistic infection, graft survival, dialysis use, and maintenance immunosuppression. The results suggest that, on average, when compared with standard therapy, patients treated with MMF are likely to have lower rejection-related treatment costs because of a lower incidence of rejection ($6237 versus $3702), lower dialysis and graft failure costs because of improved graft survival ($20,104 versus $16,972), no difference in opportunistic infection treatment costs ($1962 versus $1962), and higher additional immunosuppression costs ($855 versus $5170). Taken together, these results suggest that patients treated with MMF are, on average, likely to have slightly lower first-year costs ($29,158 versus $27,807) compared with control, indicating that MMF treatment is cost-effective in the first year. These results remained stable under sensitivity analyses, with plausible variation in the rates of acute rejection, graft survival, and infection.

journal of the american society of nephrology

The cost effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil in the first year after primary cadaveric transplant. U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group.