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. Glycoprotein IIIa/IIb is a membrane receptor for fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor that plays an important role in platelet aggregation. The β integrin chain of this receptor, GPIIIa, is polymorphic, and the allele known as Pl A2  has been associated with coronary thrombosis. The GPIIIa genotype of a cohort of 119 consecutive renal allograft recipients (46.3 ± 13 yr; 85 M/34 F; 24.4% diabetic patients) was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and those patients were followed for at least 12 mo. From 119 patients with at least 1 yr of follow-up, those who suffered an acute rejection ( n  = 52) showed a lower proportion of HLA-DR β1 identity with the donor (7.7%  versus  23.9%;  P  = 0.03), a higher proportion of cytomegalovirus-positive (CMV+) donors/CMV- recipients (21%  versus  7.5%;  P  = 0.05), and the Pl A2  allele was more frequent (48.1%  versus  26.9%;  P  = 0.02) compared with patients free of acute rejection ( n  = 67). No other variable was associated with acute rejection in the univariate analysis. The impact of the three above-mentioned significant variables on acute rejection was analyzed by stepwise logistic regression. The presence of the Pl A2  allele yielded an odds ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 7.93) and an HLA-DR β1 identity of 0.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.99) for suffering an acute rejection episode. In addition, the serum creatinine at discharge was higher in Pl A2 -positive  versus  Pl A2 -negative patients (2.2 ± 1.6  versus  1.5 ± 0.6 mg/dl, respectively;  P  = 0.01), and the prevalence of proteinuria &gt; 1.5 g/d 1 yr after transplantation was significantly higher among patients showing the Pl A2  allele (16%  versus  3%;  P  = 0.02). Finally, in the entire cohort of patients, the 2-yr graft survival was significantly lower in Pl A2 -positive ( n  = 43) compared with Pl A2 -negative ( n  = 76) patients (85.7%  versus  97.2%;  P  = 0.015). No differences were found in patient survival (95.2%  versus  98.7%, respectively). Proportional hazards regression analysis (Cox regression model) confirmed that serum creatinine level at discharge is the best predictor of allograft survival, followed by CMV status, delayed graft function, and the glycoprotein IIIa/IIb genotype. The Pl A2  polymorphism is an independent risk factor for acute renal graft rejection, affecting short-term graft survival. Future studies aimed at preventing the hemostatic imbalance favoring platelet aggregation associated with this polymorphism may be important in preventing acute rejection and its impact on chronic rejection.

The PlA2 Polymorphism of the Platelet Glycoprotein IIIA Gene as a Risk Factor for Acute Renal Allograft Rejection