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. Patients with chronic renal failure develop secondary hyperparathyroidism with increased synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in severe skeletal complications. In rats with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to 5/6 nephrectomy, there are increased PTH mRNA levels, and this mechanism was studied. Parathyroid glands were micro-dissected from control and 5/6 nephrectomy rats and analyzed for PTH mRNA and control genes, and the nuclei were used for nuclear run-on experiments. The cytosolic proteins of the parathyroids were used to study PTH mRNA protein binding by ultraviolet cross-linking and the degradation of the PTH transcript  in vitro . Nuclear run-ons showed that the increase in PTH mRNA levels was posttranscriptional. Protein binding to the PTH mRNA 3′-UTR determines PTH mRNA stability and levels. Parathyroid proteins from uremic rats bound PTH mRNA similar to control rats by ultraviolet cross-linking. To determine the effect of uremia on PTH mRNA stability, an  in vitro  RNA degradation assay was performed with parathyroid proteins from uremic rats. When parathyroid proteins from control rats were incubated with PTH mRNA, there was transcript degradation already at 30 min, reaching 50% at 60 min and 90% at 180 min. With uremic parathyroid proteins, the PTH mRNA was not degraded at all at 120 min and was moderately decreased at 180 min. This decrease in degradation by uremic parathyroid proteins suggests a decrease in parathyroid cytosolic endonuclease activity in uremia resulting in a more stable PTH transcript. The increased PTH mRNA levels would translate into increased PTH synthesis and serum PTH levels, which would lead to metabolic bone disease in many patients with chronic renal failure.

Mechanism of Increased Parathyroid Hormone mRNA in Experimental Uremia