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The Nernst–Planck equation describes ionic movements in saturated porous materials subject to chemical concentration gradients in the pore fluid and applied electric fields. When applied to a macroscopic system the equation supposes that the flux of each ion is independent of every other one. However, owing to the ionic exchange among different or similar species, there are ionic potentials that affect the final flux. These will distort the applied electric field and thus keep the electroneutrality of the sum of all the ionic species involved. The applied potential will fall linearly across the sample but an additional ‘membrane' potential will change with position and time. This paper summarises a theoretical and experimental investigation into the application of the non-linear electric membrane potential to the simulation of the migration of chlorides in concrete. A new electrochemical test has been developed and carried out with different samples of concrete blended with pulverised fuel ash (PFA) and g...

Determination of the transport properties of a blended concrete from its electrical properties measured during a migration test