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The occurrence, distribution and forms of the parafollicular cells in the thyroid and some neighboring branchiogenic organs were examined in serial sections of the thyroid of 34 dogs. For the identification of the parafollicular cells, silver impregnation, pseudoisocyanin and lead-hematoxylin stainings were employed.1. Besides the ordinary parafollicular cell groups in the thyroid, a few parafollicular cell complexes of hitherto unknown structure were found within and adjacent to the gland. In experimentally induced hypercalcemia the parafollicular cells in the cell complex underwent degranulation and showed an increased mitotic activity as the ordinary parafollicular cells did.2. The main type of parafollicular cell complex consisted of very numerous parafollicular cells, a few columnar epithelium cell masses and cysts lined by single columnar epithelium which was for the most part non-ciliated. They were generally oval in form and usually separated from the thyroid parenchyme by connective tissue. The largest complex was 2.5mm in long diameter.3. Another type of parafollicular cell complexes contained small polygonal cells and microfollicles in addition to the above mentioned constituent elements. This type of complex was fused with the thyroid parenchyme and generally exceeded the former type in size, often measuring 3mm in long diameter.4. The parafollicular cell complexes were frequently found around the parathyroid IV adjacent to or included within the thyroid gland. Sometimes did they build up a complex with the parathyroid IV or thymus IV. Twenty-four of thirty-four thyroid lobes cut in serial sections, one lobe from each individual, possessed a parafollicular cell complex or complexes.5. Dispersed parafollicular cells sometimes were found within the parathyroid IV and thymus IV.6. The ordinary parafollicular cells were diffusely distributed throughout the whole thyroid gland. A precise examination of serial sections indicated, however, that they tended to be more common around the parathyroid IV.

The Occurrence of a Special Parafollicular Cell Complex in and beside the Dog Thyroid Gland